How to Read Crochet Patterns & Charts (US + UK)
Beginner Guide + Free PDF
Overview
Learning how to read crochet patterns and charts is one of the most important skills for beginners. Most crochet instructions come in two formats:
- Written patterns — rows or rounds using abbreviations
- Symbol charts / diagrams — visual maps showing exactly where each stitch goes
Once you understand these systems, you can follow patterns from anywhere in the world—including US, UK, and Japanese diagrams.
Ready to get started?
Checkout this helpful free PDF: Crochet Symbols Cheat Sheet + Flashcards
Watch: How to Read Crochet Symbols (133,000+ Views!)
Learning how to read crochet patterns can feel confusing at first. Between abbreviations, brackets, repeats, and symbols, it’s easy to wonder…
“Am I even doing this right?”
Good news: once you learn the basics, reading patterns becomes second nature — and this quick visual breakdown helps you instantly connect each stitch with its matching chart symbol. Perfect for beginners and visual learners.
This visual guide shows the most common crochet symbols and how they connect to US + UK crochet terms. Beginners love this because it removes the guesswork and builds confidence immediately.
Written Crochet Patterns — How They Work
Written patterns use a combination of abbreviations, numbers, and repeat markers to tell you what to stitch.
Core Components
- Abbreviations: sc, dc, tr, sl st, ch, inc, dec
- Counts: (12 sts) = stitch total after a row/round
- Parentheses ( ) = stitches worked into the same stitch
- Brackets [ ] = stitch groups to be repeated
- **Asterisks *** = marks the beginning of a repeat
- Notes section: explains special stitches or techniques
Beginner-Friendly Example
[sc, dc] in next st, *sc in next 2 sts, [sc, dc] in next st* repeat from * to * 3 more times (14 sts)
This example shows grouping, repeats, and how final stitch counts appear.
Crochet Charts & Diagrams — How They Work
A crochet chart is a visual blueprint that shows how stitches stack, connect, and build the pattern.
Why Charts Are Powerful
- Ideal for visual learners
- Easier to follow for motifs, lace, and colorwork
- Universally readable (no language barrier)
Common Chart Symbols
- ○ = chain
- X or + = single crochet (US) / double crochet (UK)
- T = double crochet (US) / treble crochet (UK)
- Λ = decrease
- ● = slip stitch
What Most Charts Include
- A starting point (dot, arrow, or circle)
- Row or round direction markers
- Exact stitch placement relative to others
US vs UK Crochet Terms
Even when the symbols are identical, the stitch names differ.
Always confirm which terminology the pattern uses before you begin.
How to Follow Repeats, Groups & Stitch Counts
Key Repeat Markers
- ( ) parentheses: stitches worked into the same stitch
- [ ] brackets: groups to be repeated
- ***** asterisk:** marks the start of a repeat
- Stitch count: confirms accuracy at the end of each row/round
Mastering these markers eliminates most beginner confusion.
Special Pattern Types (Overview)
These appear frequently in searches and deserve clear explanations.
C2C (Corner-to-Corner) Patterns
- Worked diagonally in blocks
- Charts use colored squares to represent each block
Mosaic Crochet
- One color per row
- Overlay stitches shown in chart symbols
Filet Crochet
- Open squares = chain spaces
- Filled squares = solid stitch blocks
Amigurumi Patterns
- Typically worked in continuous rounds
- Stitch totals listed per round
Granny Square Diagrams
- Begin at the center
- Expand outward following clusters and chain spaces
- Repeats clearly shown in chart structure
Beginner Confidence Tips
- Read the notes or special stitches section first
- Highlight repeats before starting
- Check stitch counts often
- Refer to charts or cheat sheets as needed
- Pair written instructions + charts for maximum clarity
Recommended Learning Flow
- Learn written abbreviations
- Study basic chart symbols
- Practice a simple granny square
- Read a small motif using text + chart
- Progress to C2C, mosaic, or filet patterns
Helpful Resources
FAQ
How do you read a crochet pattern step by step?
To read a crochet pattern step by step, start with the abbreviation key, then read each row or round slowly. Pay attention to parentheses, brackets, and asterisks that mark repeats, and use the stitch count at the end of the row or round to check your work.
How do you read crochet charts?
Crochet charts use symbols instead of words. Each symbol represents a stitch. Follow the starting point and arrows or round numbers, and use the legend or cheat sheet to match each symbol to its stitch name.
What’s the difference between US and UK crochet terms?
US and UK crochet patterns often use the same symbols but different stitch names. For example, a US single crochet is called a double crochet in UK terms, and a US double crochet is called a treble crochet in UK terms. Always check which system the pattern uses before starting.
How do I read a crochet pattern as a complete beginner?
As a beginner, choose a simple pattern and start by reading the abbreviation key and any notes at the top. Work slowly, one row or round at a time, checking your stitch counts frequently. Use a reference guide or cheat sheet whenever you see a new abbreviation or symbol.
Do you have a PDF to help me learn to read crochet patterns and charts?
Yes. You can download a free crochet symbol cheat sheet with printable flashcards from Yarn Over Hook. It includes common US and UK symbols and stitch names, plus a sample chart to practice reading crochet diagrams.
Ready to keep learning?
Explore your next stitch.
Check out these foundational stitches:
- the magic ring
- the extended single crochet
- the half double crochet
- the double crochet
- the slip stitch
- the bobble stitch
- the treble crochet stitch
Keep building your crochet confidence with more free resources from Yarn Over Hook:
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